Middle East economic outlook slightly improves as pandemic lingers

Muscat: Middle East Q4 2020, from Oxford Economics and commissioned by chartered accountancy body ICAEW, reports that economic recovery is slowly underway in the Middle East but won’t return to pre-crisis level until 2022. GDP forecasts for the Middle East for this year and next stand at -6.8 per cent and +2.9 per cent, compared to an average pace of 2.6% between 2010 and 2019.
As a second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic takes hold in Europe and other parts of the world, global recovery has stalled. While containment measures for the virus are being re-imposed in many economies, economic recovery for the Middle East has lost momentum, despite a strong bounce back in the third quarter of this year.
With infections largely in check, GCC countries have continued to ease out of lockdowns. While positive, Google mobility trends show the pace of return to normality has slowed, particularly in the important workplace category, and tourism traffic has also been subdued.
The oil sector remains a drag on overall growth as countries cut production in line with the OPEC+ April deal. Therefore, with both oil and non-oil sectors facing hurdles, the GCC is set for a large GDP contraction of 5.3 per cent this year, before recovering by 2.4 per cent in 2021.
While high OPEC+ compliance with the current deal continues to offer support to oil prices, they are still down by over 26 per cent from their levels in January. The group agreed to an increased output of almost 0.5mb/day from January 2021 and will review the process monthly to sustain drawdown in inventory levels.
In its latest Economic Update, ICAEW’s estimate for Brent crude is $41.7pb for this year and $49.3pb in 2021, slightly higher than forecasted figures back in March. However, there is limited upside for oil prices through 2022 and 2023.
The subdued outlook for oil prices will limit GCC governments’ room to provide fiscal support, preventing growth from returning to the levels they were at the end of 2019 before late 2022, later than most other regions in the world.
Regional fiscal buffers were already weakened heading into the dual oil and COVID shock, apart from in UAE and Qatar, and budgets have come under further pressure this year amid loss of the dominant oil and gas revenue. Several governments, including Oman and Saudi Arabia, look eager to repair their finances by implying more restrictive fiscal policies in 2021-2022. This will weigh on demand and keep inflation low. But other governments are well-positioned to capitalise on lower borrowing costs to fuel recovery even if oil prices stay lower for longer – the UAE getting its first federal credit rating may be an indication of an upcoming issuance.
In the non-oil economy, recent vaccine developments boost the chances of consumer-facing sectors, such as hospitality and airlines, being viable in a year. This should benefit regional countries with a higher share of tourism; mainly the UAE and Bahrain, where non-oil economies have struggled to pick up pace and companies have continued to trim their workforces. The burden of job losses has fallen on the expat population, leading to a departure of many workers and a decline in population.
Michael Armstrong, FCA and ICAEW Regional Director for the Middle East, Africa and South Asia (MEASA), said, “2020 has been a challenging year for Middle Eastern economies. The dual shock of the COVID-19 pandemic, paired with continued uncertainty in the global oil market has meant that, in 2020, the Middle East economy is experiencing its lowest growth in decades. While the COVID-19 vaccine rollout is underway, the Middle East governments must ramp up their economic diversification efforts by developing sectors and industries that generate net value for the economy and fostering innovation.”