Nobel medicine winners 'surprised' and 'stunned'

U.S. scientists Michael Young and Michael Rosbash, two of the three winners of the Nobel prize for medicine, say they were "taken by surprise" and "stunned" at receiving the coveted award.

U.S. scientists Jeffrey Hall, Michael Rosbash and Michael Young won the 2017 Nobel prize for medicine on Monday for unravelling molecular mechanisms that control our internal body clocks.

These help explain how people experience jet lag when their internal circadian rhythms get out of sync, while also having wider implications for disorders ranging from insomnia to depression to heart disease.

Chronobiology, or the study of biological clocks, is now a growing field of research thanks to the pioneering work of the three scientists, who explained the role of specific genes in keeping animal bodies in step with light and darkness.

Today scientists are exploring novel approaches to new treatments based on such circadian cycles, including establishing the best times to take medicines, and there is an increased focus on the importance of healthy sleeping patterns.

Rosbash said the news that the trio had won the Nobel prize, which is worth 9 million Swedish crowns ($1.1 million), was "a little overwhelming".

"The phone call at 5:10 destroyed my circadian rhythms by waking me up," he said jokingly at Brandeis University. "Stunned by the news."

Scientists were already pondering the concept of body clock genes in the 1960s and 1970s.

Then in the mid-1980s the three laureates used fruit flies to isolate a gene that controls the normal daily biological rhythm and showed how it encodes a protein that accumulates in the cell during the night and degrades during the day.

Further research revealed the role of other genes in the complex system. Now doctors are paying increased attention to the implications of this daily cycle in people who have erratic sleeping and working patterns or in children who stay up late.

"We are learning more and more what impact it has to not follow your clock," Nobel committee member Christer Hoog told Reuters. "If you constantly disobey your clock, what will happen? Medical research is going on with regards to that."

Medicine is the first of the Nobel Prizes awarded each year. The prizes for achievements in science, literature and peace were created in accordance with the will of dynamite inventor and businessman Alfred Nobel and have been awarded since 1901.